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当前书画市场异常火爆，从事书画收藏的人士也越来越多，因书画是用宣纸、绢、绫、帛等作底，既怕潮湿又忌干燥，时间久了很容易受蚀、破损，与其他文物相比，显得更为娇贵，因此如何做好书画收藏是藏家无法回避的现实问题。
笔者多年从事书画保护工作，本文从文物保护角度出发，结合自己多年的工作经验，提出几点保护办法，以供大家参考并与同行探讨。
1．要适当挂展。书画艺术品的收藏和展示功能是并存的，如果只藏不展就埋没了它的艺术欣赏价值。我国自古就有春、秋晾画的习惯，因为这两个季节比较适合书画的通风与晾晒，展陈期间，除了让观众欣赏、品味作品的艺术性，还可以及时发现书画在存放过程中不明显的变化，如受潮、虫蛀等。
悬挂期间要注意空气的潮湿度，若遇阴雨连绵，空气湿度特别大，书画就极易遭受霉菌侵害。潮湿的空气会改变纸绢的物理结构，沉重的画轴对画面也会产生影响，此时最好将书画卷收起来。如若书画已经受潮，可将受潮轻的作品摆放到铺有毡子的平案上，将室内温度调整到22～25℃之间慢慢晾干；对受潮较为严重或被雨水淋湿的作品，则要考虑重新揭裱，同时对作品上留下的斑渍进行清洗，还作品本来面目。
挂画首先要注意挂钉是否牢固。挂画的方法很讲究，应右手执画权，钩住书画绦带中心，左手托住画的中间部位，大、小指在内，中三指在外，随着画权的举高，托画左手指要相应放松，慢慢将画展开，挂好后再离手。摘画时左右手姿势与挂画时姿势相同。摘下后平放于案上，卷画时注意卷齐、卷紧。如果是两个人，其中一人牵住书画天杆，另一人握住两边轴头慢慢上卷。如果画幅过宽，两手难握住，可一手半握画之中部，另一手转动轴头卷画。牵天杆的人要注意将画举高，卷画人要低一点，以防折坏画芯。
书画要与暖气、烟筒等保持一定距离；夏日制冷，书画要与空调的室内机保持较远距离。太阳光对书画的影响最大，因为紫外线可使画面的颜料蜕变、分解，导致纸质老化，因此不能悬挂于靠近窗户的地方，尽量避免太阳光直接照射画面。白炽灯或荧光灯发出的400～700nm(纳米)可见光虽说影响不大，但长时间近距离照射也能使书画纸质老化变黄，所以，照明应尽量选用低功率光源，书画与光源要保持1米以上的距离。
2．要及时除尘。环境污染对书画的损害非常大，尤其在城市里，汽车尾气和工业污染使空气中的酸碱含量较高，有害气体和细小尘埃悬浮于空中，日久天长沉积在画面上，就会侵蚀画面。一般说，一月除尘一次为佳，根据季节变化可适当延长或缩短周期。
除尘方法，可用电吹风的自然风档，将出风口与画面成30。角，保持10～15厘米的距离，从右向左清扫；或将吸尘器开到低风档，配以软毛刷清扫，在清扫过程中用吸尘器将尘埃吸走(使用此法要特别注意吸嘴与画面的距离以及吸力的大小，以免误伤作品)，也可用鸡毛掸轻轻清扫画面。切不可用抹布一类物品擦拭画面，因为在擦拭的过程中，细小灰尘会进入纸张纹理，造成更大的损害。
3．要卷放得法。书画作品长期处于挂展状态时，纸张要承受下垂的拉力和张力，使纸张的强度减弱，因此，在挂展一段时间后，就应当安排其“休息、调整”。卷放就是使书画处于休息状态，让它恢复原来的拉力和张力。收卷前，首先要仔细观察其表面有无变化，若有污染、霉斑、虫蛀点等，应当送到有专业技术能力的机构或部门进行科学保护处理，以免损伤逐渐扩大。收卷书画时要先松后紧，先轻松卷起，再慢慢旋转轴头卷实。用画带捆扎一定要适度，太松会使画卷松动，易被压折；太紧又使画卷中间留下捆扎的痕迹，影响画面整体美观。总的说来，书画作品的挂展时间不宜太长，一年可挂展两次，每次1～2个月。
4．要科学入藏。由于一年中的大部分时间里书画处于收藏状态，因此对藏置环境有严格的要求。首先是防虫、防潮、防火，其次是控制和调节存放环境的温、湿度，切忌高温、高湿、重压。蠹鱼(也称衣鱼、纸鱼)是无翅昆虫，一般蛀食书画表面，特别危害糨糊粘贴处。烟草甲的幼虫对书画危害极大，它们喜欢在书画中打洞，而后将自己藏于洞内。一般书画防虫多用驱避剂，常用的有卫生球、樟脑丸和对二氯化苯，这些物品都是白色固体，易于挥发，其中对二氯化苯杀虫能力最强，但人们多受习惯影响，最常使用的仍然是商品化的卫生球。
对存放环境来说，要求书画箱柜的密封性要好，使保存环境相对稳定。常用的木箱一般采用樟木做成，因樟木本身就有防蛀作用，而且密封性能较好。现在，有条件的地方都用保险柜一类密闭性能更好的容器来收藏，但无论用哪种箱柜，都要把书画悬空放置，即用木条一类东西担空，下面留出一定空间放置干燥剂、防虫剂。为了安全，这些试剂都应当用布或透气性较好的纸包起来，不可直接接触书画作品。若要移动或运输书画，千万不能直接移动或搬运箱柜，而应打开箱柜，取出药品，并将书画固定好，避免书画在箱内相互碰撞，造成不必要的损失。箱柜固定好以后，再重新码放好书画作品和各类药品，密封保护。大量实验证明，书画最适宜的保存温度为14～18℃，最合适的相对湿度为50％～60％，这样的条件不利于微生物、霉菌的生长和繁殖。控制湿度主要用干燥剂变色硅胶或无水氯化钙，控制温度则可用空调调节室内温度。
